Which technique categorizes websites into groups like social networking and gambling for centralized web filtering?

The technique that categorizes websites into specific groups such as social networking and gambling for centralized web filtering is known as content categorization. This process involves analyzing and organizing websites based on their content and characteristics. By classifying websites into various categories, organizations can implement web filtering policies that allow or block access to certain types of content based on their corporate policies or regulatory requirements.

Content categorization is integral to establishing effective security operations, as it helps organizations manage internet usage, prevent access to inappropriate content, and reduce risks associated with online activities. This method enables administrators to create a more structured and comprehensive approach to web access control.

While URL filtering is closely related as it often employs categorized URLs to allow or deny access, it primarily focuses on the specific addresses (URLs) of websites rather than the broader classification into content categories. Traffic shaping pertains more to managing bandwidth and network performance rather than content categorization. Application control is concerned with managing and controlling specific applications rather than classifying websites into categories. Thus, content categorization is indeed the most suitable answer in this context.