What is data encryption, and why is it important?

Data encryption is a method of converting information into a coded format that prevents unauthorized access, making it a key component of data security. When data is encrypted, it becomes unreadable to anyone who does not possess the decryption key or necessary access rights. This ensures that sensitive information, such as personal, financial, or confidential business data, is protected from theft, loss, or unauthorized disclosure, safeguarding the integrity and privacy of the data.

Encryption is particularly important in today’s digital landscape, where cyber threats and data breaches are prevalent. Organizations must protect sensitive information from various sources, including hackers and malicious software, and encryption serves as a vital defense mechanism.

The other options present methods that do not relate to the purpose and functionality of encryption. Increasing data storage capacity does not involve securing data from unauthorized access, while converting data into a coded format for better access contradicts the primary goal of encryption, which is protection. Lastly, deleting unnecessary data does not contribute to data security; rather, it is about data management. Thus, the focus of encryption is fundamentally about security and protecting data, affirming why the correct answer emphasizes its role in preventing unauthorized access.