What is an attack vector?

An attack vector refers to a path or method that an attacker uses to gain unauthorized access to a system or network. This concept is fundamental in cybersecurity, as understanding the various attack vectors is crucial for developing effective defense strategies. Attack vectors can include a wide range of methods, such as exploiting vulnerabilities in software, using phishing campaigns to trick users into divulging credentials, or employing malware to gain access. By identifying potential attack vectors, organizations can implement security measures to protect against breaches and mitigate risks.

The other options relate to different aspects of technology but do not define what an attack vector is. For instance, data encryption is a security measure aimed at protecting information, while firewall configurations pertain to network security policies. Techniques for improving software performance deal with optimization and efficiency rather than security threats. These elements do not describe the method by which an attacker compromises a system.