What does multi-factor authentication (MFA) require?

Multi-factor authentication (MFA) requires the use of two or more verification methods to enhance security beyond just a single form of authentication. The rationale behind MFA is to create multiple layers of protection. This means even if one method of authentication, like a password, is compromised, unauthorized access can still be prevented because an additional verification method is needed.

Typically, MFA may involve a combination of something a user knows (like a password), something a user has (such as a smartphone or security token), and something a user is (like a fingerprint or other biometric data). By utilizing at least two of these distinct factors, MFA significantly reduces the risk of unauthorized access, making it a crucial component in modern cybersecurity practices.

The other options do not meet the criteria that define MFA. A single verification method, a password alone, or a biometric scan alone do not provide the multi-faceted security that MFA is designed to achieve.